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minority stress
Minority stress describes chronically high levels of stress faced by members of stigmatized minority groups.〔Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. ''Psychological Bulletin, 129,'' 674-697.〕 It may be caused by a number of factors, including poor social support and low socioeconomic status, but the most well understood causes of minority stress are interpersonal prejudice and discrimination.〔Clark, R., Anderson, N. B., Clark, V. R., & Williams, D. R. (1999). Racism as a stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model. ''American Psychologist, 54,'' 805-816.〕〔Pascoe, E. A., & Richman, L. S. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review. ''Psychological Bulletin, 135,'' 531-554.〕 Indeed, numerous scientific studies have shown that minority individuals experience a high degree of prejudice, which causes stress responses (e.g., high blood pressure, anxiety) that accrue over time, eventually leading to poor mental and physical health.〔〔〔Dohrenwend, B. P. (2000). The role of adversity and stress in psychopathology: Some evidence and its implications for theory and research. ''Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41,'' 1-19.〕〔Meyer, I. H., & Northridge, M. E. (Eds.). (2007). ''The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations.'' New York: Springer.〕 Minority stress theory summarizes these scientific studies to explain how difficult social situations lead to chronic stress and poor health among minority individuals. It is an important concept for psychologists and public health officials who seek to understand and reduce minority health disparities.
== Theoretical development ==
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